De första skrifterna på en arkaisk neapolitanska är daterade 960-963 e.Kr. och kallas Placiti Cassinesi och är ett antal vittnesmål av munkar som levde runt Capua. Embryot till den moderna italienskan uppkom först 300 år senare, först med Dante Alighieri och sedan med Francesco Petrarca. Av politiska orsaker har neapolitanska men även andra italiska minoritetsspråk alltid betraktats som dialekter av italienska. Neapolitanska har dessutom orättvist och felaktigt betraktats som en fattig avart av italienska. Neapolitanska har en stor litterär historia i form av sångtexter, poesi, romaner och teaterpjäser som sträcker sig från medeltiden till våra dagar. Värda att nämnas är: Giambattista Basile, Eduardo De Filippo, Salvatore di Giacomo och Totò (Antonio De Curtis).
Den italienske kompositören och sångsamlaren Teodoro Cottrau nedtecknade och översatte den så kallade Luciasången från neapolitanska.
https://youtu.be/vWKtCeX1mCQ?si=yxrHVG8znnpIrOvL
https://youtu.be/I651WE5XtvM?si=Wx7WdwZFku1I5yaO
https://youtu.be/mVJJd0NNkYE?si=GAlBtK1U0ssM-M4w
Santa Lucia, il giorno piu’ corto che ci sia, is a saying known to every Italian child. It means “Santa Lucia, the shortest day of the year.” While Saint Lucy’s feast day does not exactly coincide to the winter solstice on December 21, the celebration on December 13 of this beloved saint marks the one of the important days of the early Christmas season in Italy.
Saint Lucy was born during the third century in Sicily to a life of privilege and wealth, but her interests were not in worldly goods. She was a devout Christian at a time when the faithful were heavily persecuted and she vowed to live as a virgin in devotion to Christ. Her mother, however, arranged a marriage for her to a pagan suitor. To dissuade her mother by proof of a miracle, Lucy prayed at the tomb of St. Agatha that her mother would be cured of a long term illness. When the miracle happened, her mother agreed to call off the plans for the marriage.
Lucy’s suitor had other plans and revealed her as a Christian. Authorities went to arrest Lucy and planned to force her into slavery, but were unable to move her, even after tying her to a team of oxen. They planned to torture her by fire, but the fire consistently died out. Instead, the brutal men tore her eyes out and killed the innocent girl. St. Lucy thus became the patron of the blind and is often depicted carrying her eyes. Her name, Lucia means light and light plays a role in the customs of her feast day.
The Feast of Saint Lucy is celebrated differently throughout the regions of Italy. In the northern regions of Lombardy and Veneto, Saint Lucy’s Day is celebrated with outdoor markets, offering candies and handmade products to buy as gifts. Many stands display traditional trays covered with candies, wrapped and ready to be purchased and given to friends and family. While the feast is a day of merriment and exchanging gifts and sweets in northern regions of Italy, in the southern regions of Calabria and Sicily, the day is marked more with veneration and less with celebration.
In southern Italy, the Feast of Santa Lucia is a religious event, without gifts, markets or sweets. The most important celebration takes place in Siracusa, Sicily, where Lucia was born and martyred. The evening of December 12th, during a religious ceremony in the Cathedral, the silver statue of Lucia, patron saint of the city, is moved from its chapel to the high altar. The next day, the statue is carried by a procession of 60 men wearing traditional green hats through the entire city.
The procession goes on for several hours, taking the form of a solemn pilgrimage during which the saint’s devotees shout “Siracusana je!” (She is a Syracusan!). Holding lighted candles in their hands, many people walk barefoot to enhance their thanks and pleas to the Saint. The statue of Santa Lucia, along with twelve cilii, huge wooden candelabra decked with flowers, is followed by the carriage of the officials dressed in traditional costume. As the statue reaches the Piazza Santa Lucia, ringing bells announce its entrance into the church.
During the Feast of Santa Lucia, a traditional food is prepared and eaten, not only in Siracusa, but in all of Sicily called cuccìa. It is a sweet dish made of boiled wheat prepared in different ways in the various parts of the region.
The origin of this dish is the city of Palermo. According to legend, the region was suffering a terrible famine centuries ago and people had nothing to eat. On December 13, a mysterious ship full of wheat, believed to be sent by Santa Lucia, arrived in Palermo’s harbor. People immediately started to boil and eat it, as they were too hungry to wait for it to be milled and made into bread. Today, cuccia is eaten throughout the region to thank and celebrate Santa Lucia.
Sankta Lucia
Den italienska Luciasången på svenska
1. På havet skiner silverstjärnan,
lugna är vågorna,
mild är vinden.
Kom till min lilla båt,
Santa Lucia! Santa Lucia!
2.Med en sådan ljuvlig bris,
vad skönt att vara på båten!
Kom, passagerare,
kom med! Santa Lucia! Santa Lucia!
3.Att ordna till middag bakom gardiner
en sådan lugn kväll,
vem skulle inte önska sig det, vem skulle inte vilja det?
Santa Lucia! Santa Lucia!
4.Ett sådant lugnt hav, en sådan förtjusande vind,
gör att en sjöman glömmer alla bekymmer
och sjunger med glädje
Santa Lucia! Santa Lucia!
5 Söta Neapel, lyckliga stad,
där skapelsen har skett med ett leende,
du är harmonins rike!
Santa Lucia! Santa Lucia!
Från den napolitanska sången SANTA LUCIA
Översättning Maddalena Dahlgren
1. Sul mare luccica l'astro d'argento,
placida è l'onda, prospero è il vento.
Venite all'agile bacchetta mia;
Santa Lucia! Santa Lucia!
2. Con questo zeffìro cosi soave,
oh! com'è beilo star sulla nave!
Su passaggieri, venite vìa;
Santa Lucia! Santa Lucia!
3. In'fra le tende bandir la cena
in una sera così serena.
Chi non dimanda, chi non desia?
Santa Lucia! Santa Lucia!
4. Mare si placido, vento sì caro,
scordar fa i triboli al marinaro,
E va gridando con allegria:
Santa Lucia! Santa Lucìa!
5. O dolce Napoli, o suo! beato,
ove sorrìdere volle II creato,
Tu sei i'impero dell'armonia!
Santa Lucia! Santa Lucia!
| Neapolitanska (Kampanien) | Kalabriska (Norra Kalabrien) | Sicilianska (Södra Kalabrien) | Sicilianska (Sicilien) | Italienska | Latin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pate nuoste ca staje 'ncielo, | Patre nuorru chi sta ntru cielu, | Patri nostru chi' cini nt'o sigill, | Nunnu nostru, ca inta lu celu siti | Fader vår, du som är i himlen, | Fader, jag är i caelis |
| vi helgade 'o nomme tuojo | må din gudom bli helgad, | ni helgade era namn, | Mu santificatu esti lu nomu vostru: | helgat vare ditt namn. | Sanctificetur nomen tuum: |
| Faje vení 'o regno tuojo, | kom ditt eget rike, | Må riket komma till dig, | Du kommer till att regna över dig. | Tillkomme ditt rike, | Adveniat regnum tuum. |
| Jag har alltid velat vara en del av det. | Om den skulle göra ditt testamente, | Viljan är gjord | Mu si faci la voluntati tua | Ske din vilja, | Fiat voluntas tua |
| Accssí 'ncielo e 'nterra. | Sia yta cielu ca nterra. | Precis som du har himlen, samma på marken. | Eftersom du är i himlen anklagar jag jorden | Som i himlen, så på jorden. | Sicut in Caelo et in terra |
| Fance avé 'o ppane tutt'e juorne | Ranne oje u pane nuorro e tutti i juorni, | Dùnandi ped oji il pani nostru e tutti i gorna | Dunàtini ogghi lu nostru panuzzu. | Ge oss idag vårt dagliga bröd, | Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie. |
| Lièvace 'e dièbbete | perdunacce i rebita nuorri, | och skulderna efterskrivs, | Och våra skulder är pirdunàtini, | och förlåt oss våra skulder, | Et dimitte nobis debita nostra, |
| Och nu llevamme a ll'ate, | Cumu nue perdunammu i rebituri nuorri. | Hur vi inte förlorar våra skulder. | hur vi använder dem i våra avdelningar. | såsom vi förlåter dem som har skyldigt mot oss. | Sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. |
| Nunna för spantecà, | En varulv i frestelse, | Inte för att ge upphov till frestelser, | Och nu lassàtini cascari in la tintazziuni; | Och led oss inte in i frestelse, | Et ne nos inducas in temptationem; |
| och åskans ljus. | Men fri och ond. | men befria sig från ondska | But scanzàtini di lu mali. | men befria oss från ondska. | Var fri till ondska. |
| Ammèn. | Ammèn. | Ammèn. | Ammèn. | Amen. | Amen. |
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